Table of Content
This step doesn't differ much from a "normal" BGA component soldering. The NAND Flash footprint is soaked with solder flux, the Interposer Board carefully aligned to it, and hot air is applied. Everything is next melted together with the hot air station. A better video of a similar process applied to a real BGA component can for instance be found here.
About the size of a donut, it has all the smarts of the Google Assistant and gives you hands-free help in any room of your house. Starting today, you can grab it online from the Google Store or online or on shelves of Best Buy, Walmart, Target and other stores. We will do installation & configuration the project in your Laptop / PC.
How to buy the project?
Even if every miner decided to create 1000 bitcoins per block, full nodes would stick to the rules and reject those blocks. Apart from Google search, there are several third-party online assistance services that will help you get medical advice to address health and fitness concerns. Extracting files from this image is just a matter of running the unsquashfs command. Please note the Kernel version, sources, initramfs and init.rc file will be useful in the second part of this series of article. Using strings and grep against the firmware dump can quickly reveal interesting bits of information.
The pages addresses and data are received from the FT2232H using the Sync FIFO Mode. This bitstream will generate a FSM that's able to erase blocks. The addresses to erase are received from the FT2232H using the Sync FIFO Mode. This bitstream implements a simple FSM that will read all pages of the NAND Flash one by one and stream them to the FT2232H using the Sync FIFO Mode. This section gives some information concerning the software and gateware architecture behind NandBug. It's not absolutely necessary to read this section to understand the rest of the article.
News and Weather Commands
Sending various configuration bitstreams to the FPGA. This is done by using the SPI protocol and a couple of additional GPIOs. A micro-USB connector, used for power and data transfer. A FT2232H. This component adds Hi-Speed USB connectivity to the board. The general idea is in fact to make the NAND Flash of the Google Home in-system programmable. It may sound like an over engineered solution and it maybe is.
A buffer overflow vulnerability triggered thanks to a special USB peripheral led to a full secure boot bypass. The connector can finally be hand-soldered to it, using a simple soldering iron. I personally find this combination of a FT2232H and ICE40HX1K-TQ144 to be quite interesting and versatile. However, please note that using both the SPI mode and Synchronous FIFO mode of the FT2232H requires adding a EEPROM to the BOM. This EEPROM contains configuration data for the FT2232H and can sometimes be omitted. It's reducing the likelihood I can still discover something to exploit in it to bypass the secure boot on a Google Home Mini.
Firmware Image Surgery
Playing with the bchlib Python library somewhat confirmed this hypothesis. The length of the ECC data we measured thanks to the graphical visualization could match a BCH-48 algorithm. It appears that for each page, the OOB section is filled with a 90 bytes chunk of data.
I have written a dedicated article on describing all Smart TV voice commands including Bixby and Alexa. We have compiled a huge list of Google Home Mini and Nest commands. Google even has a dedicated website to help you explore all the capabilities of Google Assistant commands on Android and Google Home devices. Whatever Google Assistant command you use, you must start it with either “OK Google” or “Hey Google”. Let’s check the list of things you can ask Google Home to do. Once mounted, the cache reveals it's mostly used to store user data and configuration files.
And eventually move to game codes and keys for software. Just start with “Hey Google” to get answers from your Google Assistant, tackle your day, enjoy music or TV shows, and control your compatible smart home devices. And with Voice Match, the Assistant can tell your voice from others—up to six people can get personal assistance on each device. If your Smart TV has the Google Assistant built-in or you have a Google Home Nest or Home Mini, you can control it easily using voice commands. Below is a list of Google Assistant commands that you can use.
It's simply breaking out the NAND Flash signals to traditional 2.54mm pitch connectors. Its bitstream format has been reverse-engineered and it is now supported by open source toolchains. Optionally, a NAND Flash can be directly soldered to the board.
As you might expect, I'm not the only one who has been studying the Google Home devices. Here is a quick summary of what others have discovered at the time of writing of this article. This push button is not accessible without cracking the case open.
This step can optionally be skipped if a LAST_DUMP file is provided. Receive the NAND Flash data and compare it to the content of filename. To generate the needed SPI and GPIO signals, the FT2232H is used in MPSSE Mode. Detailed documentation about this mode can be downloaded from here. Next, the NandBug main board was plugged to a computer and the following command ran. This bitstream will generate a FSM that's able to program pages.
We will do the custom projects as per the modules. You can buy the projects after confirming the project video. We will connect you through Anydesk software with the live demo on the direct call. So many of us will be having a thought like as it is online whether we can believe or not.
Finally, it's important to note that the main CPU comes without public documentation. Very few details about this component are available online. All the juicy technical data is likely protected by a NDA. Communicate and assist your customers in real time with our support integrations. Shoppy is an all-in-one payment processing and e-commerce solution. Accept payments, sell digital products from your own and more, do it all with a single platform.
If your daily schedule is time-bound and you tend to forget things very often, you can manage your alarms, times, and reminders using Google Home commands. While all the executable data is apparently verified, having a total control on all the NAND Flash data does open a rather large attack surface. It shouldn't actually have been a real surprise to me, as it was clearly stated in the DEFCON slides I linked to at the very beginning of the article. Both the cache and factory_store partitions are mounted with the noexec flag. Finally, here is a quick overview of the remaining partitions.
It was now time to actually have a look at the content of the NAND Flash dump. Thanks to NandBug, it's now possible to easily dump the entire content of the NAND Flash. However, before even thinking of patching the firmware, making full sense of this dump is needed. However, The NAND Flash signals are going too fast for achieving this with a simple ICE40 FPGA. This may have been possible with a more advance component. Generate a list of blocks to erase and pages to program.
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